© 2022, Christian Cassidy
Stanley W. McInnis ca. 1906 (Daly House Museum)
Stanley McInnis is one of my favourite figures from Brandon history. He packed so much community service into what was sadly a very short life. My interest in him was rekindled on a recent visit to the Daly House Museum where staff took time to show me a number of items related to him.
I also found out a fascinating back story about his wife Clara. That will come later in part two!
For now, here's a look back at the life of Stanley McInnis.
1881 Census of Canada, Library and Archives Canada
Stanley William McInnis was born October 8, 1965, in Saint John, New Brunswick. His family moved to Manitoba when he was a child and his father worked as a teacher and customs officer. The 1881 census entry above shows the McInnis' in Selkirk with the 16-year-old Stanley listed by his middle name.
This would have been around the same time that McInnis attended Manitoba College. His Dictionary of Canadian Biography entry notes that he went to the college in 1880 and later graduated with a B.A.. This would have made him around 15 years of age when he entered which suggests the year may be off or that he was a brilliant student.
December 26, 1882, Winnipeg Free Press There is only one street directory entry for McInnis in Winnipeg in the 1880s which could mean he lived in residence while at school. The 1883 directory finds him in a rooming house at 27 Rupert Street working as a customs officer. According to obituaries he once worked for a time at James Ashdown Hardware, likely at his new
hardware store on Main Street at Bannatyne.
McInnis' attention would soon turn to dentistry.
J. L. Benson, whom the Manitoba Dental Association credits as being Manitoba's first dentist, established his practice in Winnipeg in 1877 and by the early 1880s was among a handful of dentists in the city. He worked from a small office building at 419 Main Street near McDermot Avenue which was just a block south of Ashdown's store.
McInnis took a job with Benson and began learning the basics of dentistry. He went on to attend the Philadelphia Dental College and graduated class of 1888.
May 22, 1890, Brandon Sun McInnis returned to Manitoba the following year and set up practice in Brandon at the corner of 9th Street and Rosser Avenue, (eventually to an upper floor office in the
Zink Block after it opened in 1902.) He advertised in both the Brandon Daily Sun and its sister paper, The Western Sun, which gave him regional reach. Strangely, McInnis' name is misspelled in the Brandon Sun ads which ran regularly from 1889 to at least mid-1893.
Some sources claim that McInnis was the "first dentist in Manitoba" or the Westman region. This is not the case as evidenced by Dr. Benson in Winnipeg and there were two dentists practising in Brandon by 1884: F. E. Doering and J. Barker Vosburgh
This Canadian Dental Association entry notes that McInnis was the first "college educated" dentist in Manitoba, presumably with a D.D.S. - Doctor of Dental Surgery. (It should be noted that the article claims he attended the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, when most other sources, including McInnis' own ads and Brandon street directory entries state he attended the rival Philadelphia Dental College.)
Clara McInnis, November 7, 1907, Brandon Sun McInnis spent long enough in Brandon to secure an office on Rosser Avenue and a place to live. The large house at 610 Victoria Avenue at 6th Street was the former residence of Judge
Thomas Cumberland and contained enough land for a large stable of horses.
The Brandon Weekly Sun notes that McInnis left Brandon for Baltimore, Maryland on June 1, 1898 to wed Miss Clara Beckwith in that city. The wedding took place on June 8. This was his second attempt to marry her as the Cincinnati Commercial Tribune of February 24, 1898 statess that a marriage license was
issued to "Stanley W. McInnis, Grand Hotel and Clara M. Beckwith, Grand
Hotel" in that city
Beckworth was a Canadian who had lived in the U.S. for many years and worked as an aquatic performer. Her troupe performed at Winnipeg's Industrial Exhibition in July 1897 and then went on to Brandon for its summer fair. If the two did not meet during that week-long Brandon visit, she returned to Brandon in November for a month-long hunting and shooting vacation.
It turns out that Clara has an interesting and somewhat mysterious past that has its own blog post!
1905 Henderson Street Directory, City of Brandon
Stanley and Clara returned to their new home and a new life in the Wheat City in late June 1898.
There's a brief mention in a March 1899 edition of the Winnipeg Free Press that Stanley's younger brother, Arthur McInnis, was passing through town on his way to Brandon where he would join his brother in practice.
Arthur was also a graduate of the Philadelphia Dental College but chose initially to work in Brooklyn, New York.
Despite being new to the industry and from a small urban centre, McInnis got involved in provincial and national dentistry associations.
The Manitoba Dental Association (MDA) was established in 1883. Its first president was McInnis' mentor, J. L. Benson, who served in that capacity from 1884 to 1891 and again from 1894 to 1896. McInnis was elected to the board of the MDA at its 1891 annual meeting and was its secretary in 1894 and 1895. He would go on to serve as president from 1896 to 1899 and again from 1906 to 1907.
The Canadian Dental Association (CDA) was established in Montreal in September 1902. McInnis was one of 344 dentists who travelled to the founding meeting. There, he was elected to serve as the CDA's first registrar and made the motion to approve the organization's first code of ethics which passed unanimously.
McInnis spoke at length at the CDA's founding meeting about the difficulty of having a national profession when the licensing of those who work in it is done provincially: "...it is apparent to any reasonable man that a dentist who is fit to practice under license in one part of Canada is, morally speaking, fit to practice in any part of Canada." This led to the passage of several motions aimed at having provincial bodies, like the MDA, standardize many rules about who is a dentist and what one must go through to become one.
McInnis was the CDA's president from 1906 - 1907 and served as an associate editor of the Dominion Dental Journal from 1895 to 1907.
December 8, 1904, Winnipeg Tribune In addition to what was an incredibly busy career as a dentist, McInnis also found time to represent Brandon in the Legislature. He was elected three times as a member of the
Rodmond Roblin's Conservative government - from 1900 to1903, 1903 to1907, and 1907 to 1910.
It is unclear if politics was something McInnis actively pursued. He did not seek the nomination for his first campaign. He was a member of the Conservative constituency association and became a last-minute replacement when their candidate withdrew two weeks before polling day.
In that first contest, which took place in December 1899, he beat Charles
Adams, a prominent merchant, former mayor, and two-time incumbent MLA, by
nine votes.
McInnis was re-elected in July 1903 over former Mayor A. C. Fraser
by 45 votes and again in March 1907 over former alderman and mayor J. W. Fleming by 129 votes.
June 14, 1907, Brandon Sun W. Leland Clark in
Brandon's Politics and Politicians refers to
McInnis as "an unimpressive provincial member" noting that near the end of his second term as a member of the ruling party several political decisions were made that did not favour the city.
For one, the province's Agricultural College was established in the Municipality of Tuxedo just outside of Winnipeg in 1906. When the city's Normal School was on the chopping block in 1906, some, including Clark, felt it was the outrage expressed by city council and the Brandon Sun, not McInnis, that prevented it from closing. Also in 1906, there was a big push to have Brandon College obtain a university charter after a large delegation from the city appeared before cabinet but it never materialized.
It wasn't until eight years into his political career that McInnis was appointed to the provincial cabinet, only the second Brandonite to hold such a position after James A. Smart under Thomas Greenway. He was sworn in as Provincial Secretary and Minister of Education in late June 1907 but would never stand in the house.
March 7, 1907, Brandon Weekly Sun
It is hard to say how much disdain there was for McInnis and how much of it was really aimed at the policies of the federal Tory party and the increasingly corrupt Roblin provincial Conservative government, (which had to resign in 1915 over the
Legislative building construction scandal with Roblin being spared criminal charges due to ill health.)
The Brandon Sun was a Liberal paper and there was little that McInnis could have done to please its editorial board. This, in turn, means that the legacy of local news coverage about his time in politics is very negative.
McInnis did some good things for the region during his time in office, such as securing a large grant to build a two-storey addition to the Brandon General Hospital in 1904.
When the Sanatorium Board of Manitoba was established in 1904 McInnis pushed for the creation of a large provincial TB sanatorium. When money wasn't forthcoming from his government he vowed to raise $50,000, about half the cost, himself by hitting up business and community leaders across the province.
By mid-November 1906 he had raised $11,759 and in August 1907 visited a site at Ninette, Manitoba, where the province's main TB Sanatorium would eventually be built in 1909.
When Brandon faced a fuel crisis in December 1906 McInnis
contacted the federal government and secured a promise
that emergency permits to cut spruce wood would be provided free to families and that the hospital could borrow coal from the post office's supply.
It could have been that McInnis was distracted from political duties - and maybe didn't even want a cabinet position - given his dental practice and the time and travel required by the provincial and federal dental associations. He also had a remarkable number of community organizations that he was heavily involved in after 1900.
McInnis was a founding patron of the Brandon Operatic Society in 1905, president of the Brandon Rugby team (at least in 1906), a citizen member of Brandon's parks board (1906), and president of the Brandon Horticultural Society (from at least 1900 to 1907).
McInnis partnered with F. J. Clark around 1906 to create the real estate firm McInnis and Clark with an office in the Bank of Commerce building. It dealt mainly in farmland and other rural properties.
According to McInnis' entry in Manitoba its Resources and People published in 1906, McInnis was also a
director of the Western Agricultural and Arts Association and at times was the president of the
Manitoba Provincial Game
Protective Association, the Brandon Athletic Club, the Brandon Turf
Club and the
Brandon Gun Club (for at least ten years). His Dictionary of Canadian Biography entry also notes he was a director of the Brandon Board of
Trade and a founding board member of the Brandon Fire Assurance Company.
What drove McInnis to pack so much community service into a city he had moved to less than a decade earlier? Perhaps, subconsciously, he knew that his life would be a short one.
November 4, 1907, Winnipeg Tribune McInnis was part of a hunting party with the Oak Lake Shooting Club in the fall of 1908 when he was struck down with appendicitis. A local doctor diagnosed him but due to
the remote location it took days to get him back to Brandon where
renowned Winnipeg doctor
Henry H. Chown was waiting to operate along with local doctors Macdonald and Anderson.
The surgery took place on Saturday, November 2, around 5:00 pm and doctors found that the appendix had already ruptured and nothing could be done. They broke the news to McInnis after he awoke that he had just hours before he would be poisoned to death.
McInnis had numerous visitors on Sunday including the premier and senior cabinet ministers. That evening he summoned his business partner F. J. Clark (who by this time was also Brandon's mayor), his lawyer and a stenographer. With his wife at his side, he dictated some letters and put his affairs in order. A few hours later, McInnis was paralyzed from the waist down and could not hold down food or water.
A ten-page article about McInnis in the
Dominion Dental Journal recounted that shortly after 5:30 pm on Monday, November 4, 1907, he said "Good-bye everybody; I hear a ringing in my ears. I feel something is going to happen". He then "folded his hands, turned on his side, and breathing softly for a minute or two, he died, peacefully, and with no failing of the courage and sanity that enabled him to meet death as bravely as man ever did."
Stanley McInnis was 42-years-old.
November 7, 1907, Brandon Weekly Sun Brandonites were stunned to find that a man who played such a big role in their political and community lives had died.
The Brandon Sun called McInnis a "friend to
all" and wrote, "All Brandon has been thrown under a gloom by the death
of the Hon. S. W. McInnis. All day long the flags have been flying from
the leading buildings at half-mast. In business it has caused a lull
such has never before been experienced."
The paper also noted that Brandon city council passed a motion expressing their condolences to his widow and "passed an informal resolution requesting that the body of the departed
minister be conveyed to the city hall and there be allowed to lie in
state in order that the Brandon citizens may look for the last time on
the face of their departed...."
McInnis did lie in state at city hall on the afternoon of
Wednesday, November 6th. The body was then returned to his Victoria Avenue home.
The death was also felt around the province and internationally through his professional dealings.
The
British Dental Journal in their obituary of McInnis quoted the editor of the Dental Review of Chicago who wrote, "Dentistry has seldom developed a man of such talent as Dr. McInnis, or one who brought its needs so vividly before the people. At the time of his death he had under way many philanthropic plans for the betterment of the people of his Province, and his death is a distinct loss to the community as well as the profession."
Cortege in Brandon (Daly House Museum)
Brandon's city bell in the Central Fire Hall rang out at 9:00 a.m. Thursday morning which signalled the funeral cortege to leave the McInnis house and proceed to St. Matthews Church. The procession consisted of around 1,000 people, including the St. Matthews Church choir, the Salvation Army band, the premier and many MLAs, the mayor and city council, Brandon's fire brigade, members of the board of trade, Brandon College teachers and students, and hundreds of school children. Hundreds more lined the route.
Rev. A. U. de Pencier conducted the funeral service at the church. From there, the minister, coffin and about 200 mourners boarded a special train for Winnipeg.
The train was met in Winnipeg by Archbishop Matheson and "many hundreds including practically all the representative men of the city in all branches of commercial and professional life", according to the Free Press. It did not mention if his former employer James Ashdown, was among them.
Citizens and companies donated the use of their carriages to bring the mourners from the train station to Brookside Cemetery where the burial would take place. The Free Press noted that the procession was so long that de Pencier had no choice but to begin the graveside service before they had all arrived. They were still coming as the ceremony finished.
The Legacy
Copy of McInnis' letter (Daly House Museum)
One of the items McInnis dictated while dying in his hospital bed was an open letter to the people of Brandon that was published in the Brandon Sun on November 5, 1907.
In it, he said the community work he had done brought him pleasure and that "I love Brandon and all its streets and all its people." He then provided advice on the management of hospitals, the need for a Ruthenian (Ukraine region) ESL school in Brandon and the hope that the city would spend more on parks and public art.
The letter concluded, "That heaven prosper the fair city of Brandon, and all kind friends in it, is my parting wish."
As for a tribute to McInnis, a group of more than 20 citizens came together on November 18th at the city hall chambers under the chairmanship of Mr. F. Nation to discuss a fitting memorial.
A motion to name an institution for him was voted down but an idea for naming a park, such as West Park or the city hall grounds, got a better reception and was taken under consideration. It was also decided to start a collection so that a bust or statue could be erected in his honour.
A meeting one month later found that people were still working on their lists to get donations and that "subscriptions have been coming in slowly but steadily". As the committee had no idea how much money had been raised to date, discussions were put off until January. The McInnis memorial committee is not mentioned in newspapers again.
West Park, one of the city's oldest and largest at the time, was renamed for McInnis but not shortly after his death as many sources indicate.
The first mention of the new name comes in a Brandon Sun story about the April 19, 1913 Brandon parks board meeting. The matter of erecting signage at all of the city's parks, especially Stanley Park, was discussed. The chair "pointed out if press announcements as to the giving of concerts referred to Stanley Park many of the citizens might be at a loss." (A May 1913 Sun article mentions West Park, "or as it is now known, Stanley Park".)
It does not appear that there was a formal dedication ceremony and it is unclear why the committee chose to use McInnis' first name.
The Dental Practice
December 22, 1908, Brandon Sun
Stanley McInnis was so busy in the years leading up to his death that he likely did not spend a lot of time in the clinic. The 1906 and 1907 Brandon street directories list him as "S. W. McInnis of McInnis and Clark" rather than dentist and show his brother was holding down the fort on Rosser Avenue.
Arthur McInnis continued to work in Brandon until late December 1908 when he sold the practice to Dr. Sanders and left for an extended winter vacation. A farewell dinner was held for him at Aagard's Cafe and he was feted for
his community work, particularly in relation to the local sports scene.
The following year, he reappeared in Winnipeg and opened an office in the
Somerset Block.
The EstateMcInnis' assets were sold off over time. Twenty horses were auctioned at the Winter Fair in March 1908. As for his impressive real estate portfolio, the last to be sold were a handful of valuable city lots along Victoria Avenue in May 1912.
Clara McInnis did not keep the house for long. It was sold in 1908 to the
Cornell family
who stayed there until 1918. It was taken over the following year by the city as a convalescent home for those stricken with influenza. At one point it housed as many as fourteen patients.
After renting it out briefly to operate as a boarding house, the city gave the house to the Salvation Army in late 1920. It reopened after renovations in February 1921 as the Salvation Army Children's Home with room for up to 25 children who were orphaned,
abused, or from families could no longer look after them.
The house was renovated in 1937 and reopened in September as Eventide Home, a seniors residence for men, with a capacity of about a dozen residents. The house was expended twice, most notably in 1954 with an adjoining two-storey extension that brought its capacity to 64.
The aging building was not well suited for seniors with no elevator and little room for recreational activities. Through the 1960s it was often at half capacity and by 1968 the Salvation Army stated that it hoped to one day build a new, modern seniors block to replace the two seniors homes it operated in Brandon.
Eventide Home was demolished in 1984 to make way for the 60-bed
Dinsdale Personal Care Home.
The Missus
Clara McInnis, November 7, 1907, Brandon Sun
It is likely that Stanley left a substantial financial estate behind for Clara and the couple did not have any children to divide it with.
Clara claimed in the 1901 census that she was 27-years-old, eight years younger
than Stanley, which made her around 33 when he died. This made her much too young to live out the rest of her life as a widow. (Her exact age is disputed as you will see in the next blog post.)
The last Manitoba newspaper mention of Clara McInnis can be found in the June 25, 1908 Brandon Sun which noted that she left to visit Winnipeg. Not long after, she moved back to Boston and married
musician Clement G. Miller on November 25, 1908. It is unclear when she died.
Next: The Mysterious Mrs. McInnisBiographies of Stanley McInnisDictionary of Canadian Biography
Dominion Dental Journal (page 415)
A history of Manitoba: Its resources and its people (page 533)
Thanks to Aly at Daly House Museum for taking the time to show me their items related to Dr. McInnis.
